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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltam | om toβaŋalt |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltat | ot toβaŋalt |
| 3SG: | toβaŋalteʃ | ok/ogeʃ toβaŋalt |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltəna | ona/ogəna toβaŋalt |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltəda | oda/ogəda toβaŋalt |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltət | ogət toβaŋalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltəm | ʃəm toβaŋalt |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toβaŋalt |
| 3SG: | toβaŋalte | əʃ toβaŋalt |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltna | əʃna toβaŋalt |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltda | əʃda toβaŋalt |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltət͡ɕ | əʃt toβaŋalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltənam | toβaŋaltən oməl |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltənat | toβaŋaltən otəl |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltən | toβaŋaltən ogəl |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltənːa | toβaŋaltən onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltənda | toβaŋaltən odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltənət | toβaŋaltən ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltam əʎe | om toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltat əʎe | ot toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋalteʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltəna əʎe | ona/ogəna toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltəda əʎe | oda/ogəda toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltət əʎe | ogət toβaŋalt əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltam ulmaʃ | om toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltat ulmaʃ | ot toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβaŋalteʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltəna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltəda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltət ulmaʃ | ogət toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltənam əʎe | toβaŋaltən oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltənat əʎe | toβaŋaltən otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltən əʎe | toβaŋaltən ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltənːa əʎe | toβaŋaltən onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltənda əʎe | toβaŋaltən odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltənət əʎe | toβaŋaltən ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltənam ulmaʃ | toβaŋaltən oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltənat ulmaʃ | toβaŋaltən otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltən ulmaʃ | toβaŋaltən ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltənːa ulmaʃ | toβaŋaltən onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltənda ulmaʃ | toβaŋaltən odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltənət ulmaʃ | toβaŋaltən ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβaŋalt | it toβaŋalt |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltʃe | ənʒe toβaŋalt |
| 1PL: | (toβaŋaltəna) | (ona/ogəna toβaŋalt) |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltsa | ida toβaŋalt |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltəʃt | ənəʃt toβaŋalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltnem | ənem toβaŋalt |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltnet | ənet toβaŋalt |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltneʒe | əneʒ toβaŋalt |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltnena | ənena toβaŋalt |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltneda | əneda toβaŋalt |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltneʃt | əneʃt toβaŋalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋaltnem əʎe | ənem toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltnena əʎe | ənet toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋaltnena əʎe | ənena toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltneda əʎe | əneda toβaŋalt əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toβaŋalt əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβaŋaltnet ulmaʃ | ənet toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβaŋaltneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toβaŋaltneda ulmaʃ | əneda toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβaŋaltneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toβaŋalt ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toβaŋaltaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toβaŋaltman |
| Active participle: | toβaŋaltʃe |
| Passive participle: | toβaŋaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toβaŋaltʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toβaŋaltdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toβaŋaltən |
| Negative gerund: | toβaŋaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toβaŋaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toβaŋaltmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toβaŋaltʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toβaŋaltmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toβaŋaltdəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||